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An optical multistage interconnection network for optimal all-to-all personalized exchange, They propose an optical multistage interconnection network to realize an all-to-all personalized exchange that only requires one pass to send a message from each node to a different node (to realize a permutation). Hence, the new optical multistage interconnection network only requires n-1 passes for an all-to-all personalized exchange instead of 2n passes. A new fault tolerant multistage interconnection network , TENCON '02. This paper introduces a class of fault tolerant multistage interconnection network (MIN) named the modified fault tolerant (MFT) network. A MFT network can provide a " full access " capacity in the presence of multiple faults. Permutation and performance studies show that MFT achieve a a significant improvement over the FT network. A design of an interconnection network for different wireless communication techniques is presented. They propose a nonblocking WDM-based optical interconnection network (OIN) to interconnect multiple electronic router modules (RMs), where packets are stored and processed, By taking advantage of the advanced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology.